Weight loss surgery, or bariatric surgery, is an option for individuals struggling with severe obesity. While traditional methods like diet and exercise might not work for everyone, bariatric surgery can provide a lasting solution for those who qualify. Understanding the weight loss surgery requirements and eligibility criteria is crucial for making an informed decision.
In this blog, we will explore various weight loss surgery options, their requirements, and eligibility factors, offering a complete guide for those considering weight loss surgery. We will also discuss different procedures such as gastric bypass, gastric balloon options, and other types of weight loss surgery to help you understand all available choices.
What is Weight Loss Surgery?
Weight loss surgery is a medical procedure aimed at helping individuals with obesity lose significant amounts of weight by altering the digestive system. The surgery is typically considered when other weight loss methods, such as diet, exercise, and medications, have not been successful.
Bariatric surgeries work by either restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold, thus reducing calorie absorption, or both. The main goal is to achieve long-term weight loss while also improving or resolving obesity-related health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea.
Types of Weight Loss Surgery
Several different types of weight loss surgery are available, each with its unique approach to weight loss. Here is an overview of the most popular and effective options:
1. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most widely performed weight loss surgeries. In this procedure, the surgeon creates a small stomach pouch that reduces the amount of food the stomach can hold. The surgeon reroutes the small intestine to the new stomach pouch, limiting the amount of calories and nutrients the body absorbs.
Eligibility: Typically recommended for individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher, or for those with a BMI of 35 or higher who have obesity-related health conditions like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea.
2. Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery
Mini gastric bypass surgery is a less invasive alternative to the traditional gastric bypass. This procedure involves creating a smaller stomach pouch and connecting it to a section of the small intestine, thus bypassing part of the digestive system.
Eligibility: This procedure suits patients with severe obesity (BMI of 40 or higher) and doctors especially recommend it for those seeking a quicker recovery time than traditional gastric bypass.
3. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG)
In laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), about 75-80% of the stomach is removed, leaving behind a sleeve-shaped stomach. This surgery limits food intake and significantly reduces hunger-inducing hormones, promoting weight loss.
Eligibility: Doctors typically recommend LSG for individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher, or for those with a BMI of 35 who have obesity-related health issues.
4. Spatz Gastric Balloon
The Spatz gastric balloon is a non-surgical, temporary weight loss solution. A balloon is inserted into the stomach and inflated, reducing the amount of food the stomach can hold. This therefore, helps individuals feel full with smaller amounts of food.
Eligibility: Ideal for patients who do not meet the BMI requirements for surgical weight loss options but still need a method for weight reduction. The balloon is typically used for patients with a BMI of 30-40.
5. Orbera® Gastric Balloon
The Orbera® gastric balloon is another non-invasive weight loss option. A doctor inserts a soft balloon into the stomach through a simple endoscopic procedure. Once in place, they fill it with a sterile solution, which helps reduce hunger and limits food intake.
Eligibility: Like the Spatz balloon, the Orbera® balloon is suitable for individuals with a BMI between 30-40 who want to lose weight but may not qualify for surgery.
6. Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive procedure in which a surgeon uses a suturing device to reduce the size of the stomach. Furthermore, this approach does not require any incisions or cuts, as it is performed via an endoscope.
Eligibility: Doctors typically recommend ESG for individuals with a BMI of 30-40 who want a non-surgical method to lose weight.
7. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB)
In laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), surgeons place a band around the upper part of the stomach, creating a small pouch. This procedure restricts the amount of food individuals can consume at one time; consequently, it helps them feel full more quickly.
Eligibility: Healthcare providers often recommend LAGB for patients with a BMI between 30 and 40. It is a less invasive surgery with a quicker recovery time. However, it is now less commonly used compared to other weight loss procedures.
8. Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS)
The biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) combines a sleeve gastrectomy with a bypass of a large portion of the small intestine. This procedure reduces food intake while also significantly limiting calorie and nutrient absorption.
Eligibility: Recommended for patients with a BMI of 50 or higher or for those with severe obesity-related health conditions.
9. Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch (LDS)
The laparoscopic duodenal switch (LDS) is similar to the BPD/DS but with a less invasive approach. The procedure still combines a sleeve gastrectomy and intestinal bypass, but it requires fewer incisions and has a quicker recovery time.
Eligibility: Like BPD/DS, LDS is most suitable for individuals with a BMI of 50 or higher.
10. Single Anastomosis Duodenal Ileal Bypass (SADI)
The Single Anastomosis Duodenal Ileal Bypass (SADI) is a newer procedure that involves creating a smaller stomach and bypassing a portion of the small intestine to limit calorie absorption. It’s similar to the duodenal switch but with a single anastomosis (connection) instead of two.
Eligibility: Typically recommended for patients with a BMI of 45 or higher who have not been successful with other weight loss methods.
11. Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal Bypass (SASI)
The Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal Bypass (SASI) combines the benefits of sleeve gastrectomy and intestinal bypass. Therefore, it provides long-term weight loss by limiting food intake and reducing nutrient absorption.
Eligibility: Doctors usually recommend this procedure for patients with a BMI of 45 or higher, or for those with severe obesity.
Weight Loss Surgery Requirements
Understanding the weight loss surgery requirements is critical in determining whether you are a candidate for surgery. Here are the common requirements:
1. Body Mass Index (BMI)
One of the primary weight loss surgery requirements is having a BMI that qualifies for surgical intervention. The general guidelines are:
BMI of 30-34.9: Doctors may consider weight loss surgery if significant obesity-related health conditions are present.
35-39.9: Health problems like diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea may make weight loss surgery an option.
BMI of 40 or higher: Doctors generally recommend surgery for individuals who have not succeeded with other weight loss methods.
2. Age Criteria
Most bariatric surgery candidates should be between the ages of 18 and 65. People younger than 18 are generally not eligible due to concerns over growth and development. On the other hand, people over 65 may face increased surgical risks, but some individuals may still be candidates if they are otherwise healthy.
3. Medical History
A person seeking bariatric surgery must typically have a history of unsuccessful attempts at weight loss through diet, exercise, or other non-surgical methods. Additionally, having obesity-related health conditions like diabetes or sleep apnea may increase eligibility for surgery.
4. Psychological Evaluation
The psychologist evaluates whether the person is mentally prepared for the changes required after surgery. Commitment to long-term lifestyle changes and psychological stability are crucial for the success of weight loss surgery.
Post-Surgery Care and Weight Regain
After surgery, maintaining long-term weight loss requires commitment to a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition, regular exercise, and regular follow-up visits with healthcare providers. Weight regain can occur if these changes are not followed. Therefore, a support system and counseling are often essential for successful long-term results.
Conclusion
Weight loss surgery offers a life-changing solution for individuals struggling with obesity and its associated health problems. However, it is essential to meet the weight loss surgery requirements and understand the eligibility criteria for each procedure. With multiple options available, including gastric bypass and gastric balloons, patients can choose based on their needs and preferences.
Before making a decision, it is crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare provider to determine the best course of action based on your medical history, lifestyle, and weight loss goals. Understanding the eligibility requirements and risks helps you make an informed choice for long-term success in your weight loss journey.
